Thursday, May 16, 2019

英語表現演習3 (金 2限): Mid-term writing assignment・中間作文

Hello!



How are you? Here is our mid-term writing assignment – writing about a device or invention that you believe has made a major impact on society or around the world.

Before anything, here are the board lesson notes from our class last week on 5/10:






Now let's look at the mid-term writing assignment

Mid-term writing assignment

Take a look at the picture above. It's a person using a laptop computer. The personal computer, either in desktop or laptop form, is one of the great inventions of recent times. But the computer is only one example of many inventions and devices that have had a major impact on our lives. 


In this topic, you can choose any device or invention from the past or present. It can be something invented and used in Japan, or around the world, or invented elsewhere and brought into Japan. 

Guidelines

When you write, you can think of these points:
  • What it is
  • Who invented or first made it
  • When it was first made (and sold or marketed)
  • Who uses it (- or - who used it)
  • What it is (or was) used for
  • Very important - what it is (or was) made of (in terms of materials and parts)
  • What impact you believe it has has on society or worldwide (including what personal impact it has had on you)
  • Any other details you believe are worth noting (especially any materials properties such as tensile strength, with characteristics such as brittleness, elasticity, and so on)
Special note: If the device or invention is no longer made – what impact did it have in its time? Did it lead to a device that improved on it and made it outdated? Or – what made it go out of style or usefulness (for example, was it made outdated by some new technology)? 

How much to write
There is no set length, but I would like you to write as much as you can, perhaps around 3-4 paragraphs' worth of writing, more if possible. But if you believe you can write more than that, go for it! I will recognize and reward writing that has had effort put into it for length. You may find that you will have to go longer if you have to.

Special note: Here is where the vocabulary you have seen in the textbook units becomes important and valuable for you. So look at the vocabulary from the textbook units we've done so far in this class - Units 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, & 19. Whichever unit, or units have the most meaningful vocabulary for you - review that vocabulary and use it in your writing!

Please type your paper up on Word. Also please follow the format I have shown you in class about your name, class, assignment, and date, plus title. 

Deadline (締め切り)
It will be May 31st (5/31), so you have two (2) weeks to do this. 

I want you to bring in a first draft (下書き) next week (5/24) in your notebooks in pen or pencil. I will give some more details, and where I can, review your work. Then you can change things about the draft as you need to, then write to the finish and turn in your work on 5/31. 

NEW! Now here are the board notes for our class today (5/17):




Good luck with this! I hope you can have fun with this, and enjoy writing about devices or inventions with detail that are also interesting and perhaps special to you. 

I look forward to reading your great writing on this topic!

Images: Top - copyright-free photograph courtesy of Apple/Board notes - personal photographs. All rights reserved. 

英語表現演習3 (金 2限): Vocabulary for comparing materials & their problems・材料力の比較して語彙

Hello!



How are you? Today, let's look at how to discuss different materials and compare what their problems and strengths might be. 

Look at the diagram at the top. It is a model of the basic static response of an item – a component, or even a whole piece of equipment made mostly of a certain materialunder a degree of tension

In materials science, you are already learning many terms about the strengths and weaknesses of materials. There are many words in English for describing the kinds of stresses that different materials go through. 


Vocabulary

Here is a selection of some of the most important terms in materials science that deal with the stresses that different materials go through. These are not the only vocabulary items for discussing problems with materials, but they are some common terms:

buckling  (座屈)     corrosion  (腐食)     
fatigue (疲労、金属)     creep (クリープ)
fracture  (破壊)     brittleness (脆性)


Here is how you can use this vocabulary:
To buckle (for buckling)
To corrode (for corrosion)
To fracture (for fracturing)

To develop fatigue (for fatigue)
To develop creep (for creep)
To become brittle (for brittleness) 

Look at the following materials. What kinds of problems do you see that they might have? Can you also compare their strengths and weaknesses? Can you also think of another strong or weak point about the materials?

例えば:
aluminum (for cans)

glass (in bottles)

A: Aluminum is a flexible but strong metal for containing liquids, but could develop fatigue over time. 

B. You're right. Maybe glass bottles are better.
A. That might be true, but glass is also brittle, much more than aluminum. 
B. Hmm…but both glass and aluminum are recyclable.

Activity

So let's try this with these materials - talking about their problems, and comparing them to each other


concrete (in buildings)

glass (in buildings)

wood (for sports equipment)


aluminum (for sports equipment)


steel (for garbage containers)


plastic (for garbage containers)


I hope this activity can help you with talking about the strengths and weaknesses of different materials and their uses. 

See you next time!
Images: Top - by RicHard-59 - Own work based on Tension Test.png, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18071922/Aluminum can - by Marcos André - https://www.flickr.com/photos/marcodede/116648094/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=914124/Glass bottle - by Moriori - en:Image:Image-Codd_bottle.jpg Photo taken for Wikipedia by Moriori, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1134167/Concrete building - by David Schalliol via sah1365 - Buffalo City Court Building, 1971-74, Pfohl, Roberts and BiggieUploaded by Yarl, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29098300/Glass windows - by Etan J. Tal - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52143689/Wooden baseball bats - by Dave Hogg, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1505285/Aluminum baseball bats - cropped screenshot taken from https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/iris-aluminum-baseball-bat-32-inch-multicolour-16784393112.html/Steel waste containers - by epSos .de - Flickr: Trash Recycling with Disposal Containers, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24115465/Plastic waste containers -  by Patrick – Patrick - Canon PowerShot A200., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=259534

Friday, May 10, 2019

英語表現演習3 (土 2限): Ainu greetings & summary writing・アイヌ語の挨拶・要約を書いて

Hello!



How are you? How was your Golden Week? 

Today, I have two (2) things for you in this post - first, about Ainu greetings (アイヌ語の挨拶) and next, about writing a summary (要約). 


About the Ainu

Who exactly are the Ainu? They are the indigenous people (先住民族of JapanHere is a map of Japan showing the original area, plus the widest places, where the Ainu lived.



As you can see, at one time they lived from the northeastern part of the Tohoku, all of Hokkaido, and the way up through Sakhalin Island (what many older Japanese call Karafuto「樺太」) and even up through the Kuril Islands (千島列島). 

But now they only live in Hokkaido. Their numbers are small, and they have married mainstream Japanese people enough so that they do not look so different. But they are proud of their culture and traditions.


Activity

Let's look at these Ainu greetings! What do you think they mean? 


Iramkarapte. (イランカラ)     He. (ヘー)

E-iwanke ya? (エイワンケ  ヤ?)
Ku-iwanke wa. (クイワンケ  ワ)

E-re hemanta ya? (エレ  ヘマンタ  ヤ?)
K-ani anakne ____ ku-ne. (カニ アナ ____ クネ)

Check your guesses - were any of them correct, or close

Summary writing

One thing that will become important for all of you in any research you do in English in life sciences is writing a summary (要約). 

What is a summary? It's a short version of the content of a presentation, research paper, or a chapter in a book - like a unit of a textbook. You can think of it as a statement of purpose (SOP) about a presentation, writing, or reading topic. It should be a compacted version of every aspect of the topic. 


Let's imagine that a person is preparing a presentation or report, or even reading in a textbook unit, about DNA. Let's also imagine that the focus in the topic is about the genetic relationship between dogs and wolves (which is a chapter in our textbook we will read later). 


Here would be one example of a good summary about this topic:

DNA evidence has shown that dogs evolved from wolves, and over time, dogs have became one of the most popular companion animals to humans across many cultures. But there are still arguments about exactly when dogs genetically separated from wolves, and how and why they became domesticated by humans. This presentation/report/textbook unit shows the origins of dogs, and proposes some different ideas about how they became companions to humans.

A good summary has a short background about the topic, with a tighter focus towards the end of the background. Then it goes into the focus of the presentation itself, sometimes with an additional comment about something unique, or else of note about the topic. Let’s look at this:

Background to the topic:

DNA evidence has shown that dogs evolved from wolves, and over time, dogs have became one of the most popular companion animals to humans across many cultures.

Focus on the topic:

But there are still arguments about exactly when dogs genetically separated from wolves, and how and why they became domesticated by humans.

Focus on what the presentation will be about:

This presentation/report/textbook unit will trace the origins of dogs, and show some different ideas about how they became companions to humans.

Each of these moves are then brought together to make the full summary

Homework

Now read this section about summary writing again. Read it as many times as you need. Then in the summary section of your worksheet, write a practice summary about today's textbook topic on language

Bring it in next week (5/18) and we'll go over them!


Now here are the board notes for today's (5/11) class




Extra activity (for 5/18)
Now here is a short video about the Ainu language. It's a chant that in a way tells the story of the AinuHere is only one question about it:


How similar do you think the Ainu language is to Japanese, or other Asian languages you know or have heard? What's your feeling about it? (If you watch and listen to this video directly on YouTube, you can turn on Japanese subtitles (字幕). Try it!

Write down what you think. 




I hope you find this video interesting.

See you next time!


(Answers to Ainu greetings at top of post)



Image: Top - by Ponting, Herbert George, photographer - Library of CongressCatalog: https://lccn.loc.gov/2009633363Image download: https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3a30000/3a31000/3a31100/3a31148r.jpgOriginal url: https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2009633363/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=67741998/Geographic map - by Arnold Platon - This vector image includes elements that have been taken or adapted from this:  Japan on the globe (claimed) (Japan centered).svg (by TUBS). - Own work (Vectorization), based on this map, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25364093



Content: Ainu greetings courtesy of Wikitravel.